![]() EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis, and EV surface protein profiles were analyzed by multiplex bead-based flow cytometry to identify tumor- or immune system-related EVs of AML, ALL, CLL, and healthy samples. EVs were isolated from the serum of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) patients, and healthy volunteers. Special EV surface protein patterns in serum have the potential as noninvasive biomarker candidates to distinguish several disease-related patterns ex vivo or in vivo. EVs collected from the serum of leukemic samples might correlate with disease stage, drug-/immunological resistance, or might correlate with antileukemic immunity/immune response. In hematological malignancies, tumor-derived EVs might reprogram the bone marrow environment, suppress antileukemic immunity, mediate drug resistance and interfere with immunotherapies. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles produced by all cells under physiological and pathological conditions.
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